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Background During the containment of COVID-19，the traditional face-to-face interventions conducted at the rehabilitation center were plagued by many limitations，while internet-based interventions can overcome the limitations of geographic location，working hours and transportation，with less medical costs. Objective To examine the effects of internet-based interventions on knowledge，attitude/belief and practice（KAP） toward rehabilitation exercises，physical activity（PA）level，and exercise compliance inpatients after PCI. Methods The subjects were 76 patients who received their first PCI in Department of Cardiology，Tangshan Gongren Hospital from November 2021 to June 2022. They were randomly and equally divided into two groups to receive either internet-based intervention with routine nursing（experimental group） or routine nursing （control group）. Before and three months after the intervention，the Rehabilitation Exercise Knowledge-Belief-Practice Scale for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease（REKBPCHD），the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form （IPAQ-SF），and Patients' Exercise Log were used to assess the KAP level，PA level，and exercise adherence，respectively. The impact of network intervention on exercise adherence in patients after PCI by univariate Logistic regression analysis. Results After 3 months of intervention，a significant increase was found in the average total score of REKBPCHD，and the average scores of the knowledge dimension，attitude dimension and practice dimension of the scale in the experimental group（P<0.05），and the increase was more notable than that in the control group（P<0.05）. Moreover，both post-intervention low PA level and total PA level in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Both post-intervention low PA level and total PA level were higher than the baseline levels in the experimental group（P<0.05）. The post-intervention exercise compliance of experimental group were higher than that in the control group（P=0.003）. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of non-adherence to exercise in the experimental group was relatively lower than that in the control group 〔OR=0.143，95%CI（0.034，0.594），P=0.007〕. Conclusion Theinternet-based intervention can effectively improve the KAP level toward rehabilitation，PA level，and exercise adherence in patients after PCI. © 2023 Chinese General Practice. All rights reserved.
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In this study, the gravity model is applied via the dynamic generalised methods of moments estimation to assess the role of geographical distance in moderating the impact of culture on outbound tourism flows. The results show that cultural distance has a positive impact on Chinese outbound tourism flow. However, the effect of cultural distance on outbound tourism flow decreases as geographical distance increases since travellers to nearby destinations are more strongly influenced by cultural distance than travellers to more distant markets. These results therefore support the concept of the "diminishing effect of cultural distance" on the Chinese outbound tourism market. In addition, the results of this study serve as a basis for promoting the sustained contribution of Chinese outbound tourism to the development of destination management, which will help with the recovery of international tourism following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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*AIM: To identify the reasons for not improving visual acuity of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and its correlation with optical coherent tomography (OCT) imaging characteristics. They were treated with anti - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) again after an interruption of treatment due to the COVID - 19 pandemic. * METHODS: Retrospective cases study. A total of 31 patients (40 eyes) with DME and treated with anti-VEGF drugs in the Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University between December 2019 and July 2020 were selected. All patients had an treatment history of interruption due to COVID-19. Based on the behavioral standard of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1mo after re - treatment, they were divided into improved visual acuity group (14 eyes) and non-improved visual acuity group (26 eyes). All patients received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including BCVA, intraocular pressure, OCT, fundus photography, and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The central retinal thickness (CRT), hyper - reflective retinal dots (HRD), subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal fluid (IRF), disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) and ellipsoid zone disruption (EZD) were quantified by Image J. The correlation between BCVA and CRT, the number of HRD, the diameter of SRF and IRF, and the height of DRIL and EDZ width at 1mo after treatment were analyzed by Spearman correlation. * RESULTS: The proportion of HRD in OCT was significantly higher in the non - improved visual acuity group than that in the improved visual acuity group (chi2 = 5.43, P = 0.0072);There was a positive correlation between the difference of BCVA (LogMAR) and CRT change in DME patients after treatment (rs = 0.406, P = 0.009);There was a positive correlation between BCVA (LogMAR) and EZD width after treatment (rs = 0.358, P = 0.023). There was no correlation between BCVA (LogMAR) after treatment and the number of CRT (rs = - 0. 086, P = 0. 600) and HRD (rs = - 0. 115, P = 0. 482), the diameter and height of SRF (rs = 0.102, P = 0.530;rs = 0.100,P = 0.538) and IRF (rs = 0.134, P = 0. 410;rs = - 0. 014, P = 0. 932), and the width of DRIL (rs = 0.089, P = 0.587). * CONCLUSION(S): The probability of retinal HRD was significantly higher in patients with no visual improvement than that in patients with visual improvement after the re - treatment with anti - VEGF due to the treatment interruption during COVID- 19. EZD width was also closely correlated to the prognosis of visual acuity. As for these patients, HRD manifestations in OCT should be comprehensively considered, taking intravitreal injection of glucocorticoid as an auxiliary strategy if necessary. Copyright © 2022 International Journal of Ophthalmology (c/o Editorial Office). All rights reserved.
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In 2020, the FMCG market suffered a severe impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The price of FMCG fell for the first time in five years as consumers turned to buy cheaper commodities because of the uncertainty. However, the overall sales growth of FMCG remained at a high level. It indicates that the FMCG enterprises are supplying rising demand at decreasing prices, which results in lower profits. In addition, due to the rising price of raw materials, further reducing the profits of FMCG enterprises. In view of the problems above, reducing cost has become the primary issue considered by the FMCG enterprises. Therefore, this paper proposes a mode of cross-level service to optimize the FMCG supply chain network in view of the long distribution channel chain of FMCG, builds a model of RDCs location and capacity design under the mode of cross-level service, and obtains the optimal solution by Supply Chain Guru. © 2022 SPIE
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Under the background of the global COVID-19 pandemic, electronic informed consent (eConsent) utilizes technology to provide a new method and idea for clinical trials. It has the advantages of convenience and efficiency, which greatly improves the efficiency of clinical trials. At present, this concept has not been put forward in China while it has been clarified clearly abroad, and some countries have launched a variety of trials and formulated various regulations to further standardize the eConsent. Based on the current situation of eConsent in China, this study analyzed the design and implementation of eConsent, summarized relevant domestic and foreign laws and regulations, and proposed opportunities and challenges for electronic informed consent as well as the relevant preparations for the implementation of this technology in China. © 2021 West China University of Medical Science. All rights reserved.
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The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unclear. Data on the COVID-19 epidemic that were analyzed in this study were obtained from the official websites of the National Health Commission of China and the Health Commissions of 31 provinces in China. From January 26 to February 25, 2020, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in each region was counted daily using data from our database. Curve fitting of daily scatter plots of the relationship between epidemic growth rate (GR) with average temperature (AT) and average relative humidity (ARH) was conducted using the loess method. The heterogeneity across days and provinces was calculated to assess the necessity of using a longitudinal model. Fixed-effect models with polynomial terms were developed to quantify the relationship between variations in the GR and AT or ARH. An increased AT markedly reduced the GR when the AT was lower than -5°C, the GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from -5°C to 15°C, and the GR increased when the AT exceeded 15°C. ARH increased the GR when it was less than 72% and reduced the GR when it exceeded 72%. The temperature and relative humidity curves were not linearly associated with the GR of COVID-19. The GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from -5°C to 15°C. When the AT was lower or higher than -5°C to 15°C, the GR of COVID-19 increased. An increased ARH increased the GR when the ARH was lower than 72% and reduced the GR when the ARH exceeded 72%.
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Objective: The clinical features and test results of Corona Virus Disease 2019 were analyzed retrospectively in order to understand the diagnostic significance of clinical test index, and to summarize the experience of clinical treatment. Methods: From February 10thto February 28th, 2020, 54 patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 from Wuhan Red Cross hospital were included, whose clinical data were analyzed and integrated. The clinical manifestation and laboratory examination were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The average age of the patients was 63.9 years (40-84 years). The median time from onset to diagnosis was 6.5 days (2-20 days), and the median time from onset to first hospitalization was 8 days (3-20 days). The main manifestations were that the percentage of neutrophil increased and the number of lymphocyte decreased in most cases. Most of them were combined with liver damage and myocardial cell damage, and chest CT showed lesion of bilateral lung. Conclusion: In addition to the nucleic acid test of 2019-nCoV, some laboratory tests may indicate Corona Virus Disease 2019 in the early stages. The clinician may conduct repeated follow-up examinations to assess the progress and outcome of the disease.
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RATIONALE: The long-term impact of severe COVID-19 on pulmonary function, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) pictures, and related physiological characteristics have not been understood clearly. METHODS: 25 survivors with confirmed severe COVID-19 were evaluated pulmonary function, HRCT, and health-related quality of life at seven months after discharge. The data during hospitalization were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Table1 summarized the characteristics of all 25 patients at seven months after discharge. Patients with abnormal CT at seven months (n = 10) had lower albumin level (29.5[26.5-31.2] vs 32.4[30.0-36.5], p = 0.016), higher CT peak scores (24[15-24] vs 13[9-18], p = 0.002), longer cumulative days of receiving glucocorticoids (12[10-14] vs 6[0-11], p = 0.013) compared with patients with normal or basically normal CT. Then survivors were categorized as patients with abnormal DLCO and DLCO/VA, abnormal DLCO but normal DLCO/VA, and normal DLCO and DLCO/VA (n = 7, 5, and 13 respectively). Abnormal DLCO and DLCO/VA group had lower serum IL-2R level (433[326-514] vs 1218[581-1754] vs 710[562-927], p = 0.005), IL-8 level (7.20[3.15-13.25] vs 33.40[23.25-121.35] vs 17.50[6.63-47.48], p = 0.018), TNF-α level (5.80[4.80-7.80] vs 10.10[8.60-11.90] vs 9.00[7.73-12.70], p = 0.010), but higher PCT level (0.08[0.04-0.10] vs 0.03[0.03-0.10] vs 0.03[0-0.04], p = 0.036) compared with other two groups. Correlation analyses indicated that, CT scores after discharge positively correlated with age, PCT level, LDH level, cumulative days of receiving glucocorticoids, total dosage of glucocorticoids used, and CT peak scores (R = 0.409, 0.426, 0.479, 0.537, 0.528, and 0.738 respectively, p = 0.042, 0.043, 0.015, 0.007, 0.008, and < 0.001 respectively), negatively correlated with albumin level (R = -0.561, p = 0.004). DLCO% negatively correlated with total dosage of glucocorticoids used (R = -0.410, p = 0.047). DLCO/VA% positively correlated with BMI, serum IL-2R, and TNF-α level (R= 0.427, 0.560, and 0.525 respectively, p = 0.033, 0.016, and 0.025 respectively), negatively correlated with PCT level (R = -0.467, p = 0.025). Multiple linear regression analysis found that age, PCT level, and CT peak scores were associated with CT scores after discharge (β = 0.290, 0.302, and 0.428 respectively, p = 0.049, 0.030, and 0.036 respectively). BMI and PCT level were associated with DLCO/VA% (β = 0.536 and -0.463 respectively, p = 0.023 and 0.028 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Radiological and functional impairment were still found in a considerable proportion of survivors with severe COVID-19. These statuses may be related to the severity of the disease and the level of inflammation.
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Background: In this study, we estimated the predictive factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in anesthesiologists performing endotracheal intubation in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Method: We analyzed data from a survey conducted by the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management on endotracheal intubation in 98 patients with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed through nucleic acid testing and chest computed tomography. The multivariate logistic model with stepwise selection was used for selecting the predictive factors significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the corresponding anesthesiologists. Results: SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the corresponding anesthesiologists was 20.41% after intubation in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Univariate analysis indicated that intubation for elective treatment, intubation in an operating room or isolation ward, and routine rapid induction with continuous positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) for intubation were associated with a lower SARS-CoV-2 risk in the anesthesiologists. Multivariate analysis revealed that intubation for elective treatment was associated with a significantly decreased SARS-CoV-2 risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.68, P < 0.0001), and coughing by patients during endotracheal intubation was associated with a significantly increased SARS-CoV-2 risk (aOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.39-2.97, P = 0.0404) in the anesthesiologists. Conclusion: Endotracheal intubation for elective treatments, intubation in an operating room or isolation ward, and routine rapid induction with continuous PPV for patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 are associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in practicing anesthesiologists, and coughing by patients during intubation increases the risk.
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The COVID-19 epidemic has had a huge impact on the mental state of human beings due to its high infection and fatality rates in early 2020. In this paper, a cross-sectional online survey was designed to understand the mental state of college students in a university located in Wuhan city during the lockdown. Out of 1168 respondents, above 50% participants had obvious fear and anxiety symptoms;anxiety and fear were 61.64% and 58.39%, respectively. Conformity (49.49%), invulnerability (26.11%), insensitivity (21.49%) and rebelliousness (12.41%) symptoms also appeared. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the senior students experienced more anxiety than the freshmen. Moreover, it was found that the psychological symptoms (except for the insensitivity symptom) had no significant difference in gender, residence and annual household income after the one-way analysis of variance.
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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of common viruses that can infect humans and pose a great threat to global public health. Mounting evidence has shown that seven zoonotic CoVs can infect human through cross-species transmission. These continuously occurring yet unpredictable events of CoVs repeatedly crossing species barriers have attracted special attention to CoVs and caused panic worldwide. It is generally believed that the spike (S) protein is the key factor determining the cross-species transmission and the invasion potential of CoVs. This review focused on the new-found coronaviruses with potential cross-species transmission capabilities, and summarized and analyzed the research progress in S protein-mediated viral invasion as well as the potential mechanisms, aiming to provide reference for developing effective prevention and control strategies against potential cross-species transmission of CoVs in the future.
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To prevent and control 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia diseases (COVID-19), hundreds of medical teams and tens of thousands of medical professionals throughout the nation were transferred to Hubei to assist COVID-19 control efforts. Medical professionals were at high risk of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections. To ensure the prevention and control of infection in medical teams and prevent cross-infection among medical staff at the medical station, this management standard includes routine management standards, resident disinfection, personnel entry and exit process, and logistics support management, so as to provide reference for medical teams combating COVID-19 in the future.
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Since December 2019, a novel type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan led to an outbreak throughout the world. To date, there have been more than 1,260,000 COVID-19 patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.44%. Studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine and Chinese Thrombosis and Hemostasis Committee grouped experts from the frontline of the Wuhan epidemic to come together and develop an expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction associated with severe COVID-19 infection. This consensus includes an overview of COVID-19-related coagulation dysfunction, tests for coagulation, anticoagulation therapy, replacement therapy, supportive therapy and prevention. The consensus produced 18 recommendations which are being used to guide clinical work.